Management of Productive Zakat by BAZNAS in the Economic Empowerment of Mustahiq: An Analysis of Effectiveness and Sharia Compliance
Keywords:
productive zakat, BAZNAS, mustahiq empowerment, sharia compliance, economic effectivenessAbstract
The National Zakat Management Body (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional/BAZNAS) has been mandated by Indonesian law to optimize zakat collection and distribution for the welfare of eligible recipients (mustahiq), with productive zakat — the distribution of zakat funds as productive capital rather than consumptive transfers — emerging as a key strategy for sustained economic empowerment. This study evaluates the effectiveness of BAZNAS productive zakat programs in improving the economic welfare of mustahiq and assesses the degree of sharia compliance in program design, fund management, and distribution mechanisms. Employing a mixed-methods research design that combines quantitative economic impact analysis with qualitative sharia compliance assessment across four BAZNAS provincial offices in Java, the study analyzes data from 384 mustahiq beneficiaries who received productive zakat assistance between 2019 and 2022. The findings reveal that productive zakat programs have generated measurable improvements in mustahiq income levels (average increase of 34.7%), business development, and financial independence, though the magnitude of impact varies significantly across program types and implementation modalities. Sharia compliance assessment identified strong adherence to the asnaf (eligible recipient) categorization requirements and collection procedures, while revealing areas requiring improvement in accountability, beneficiary selection transparency, and mustahiq capacity development. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening both the effectiveness and the sharia compliance of BAZNAS productive zakat programs.
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